Alier, 11, a young cattle herder displaced by fighting in Bor town, stands covered with ash - used as a natural insect repellent - in a cattle camp outside Mingkaman where he, his family, and upwards of 100,000 other displaced civilians now live.
       
     
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 Alem, 30, sits on the bed in the small room he now calls home in downtown Rome. Like thousands of his countrymen, he fled a lifetime of military service and a dictatorial government in his home of Eritrea.